Tourism and advertising in the spanish press. Narrative strategy for persuasion

Advertising connects the institutional and business sector with the public, responding to a persuasive and commercial interest. Advertising connects the institutional and business sector with the public, responding to a persuasive and commercial interest. The promotion of tourist destinations is a key activity for public and private advertisers to effectively communicate with their audiences. These advertisements show citizens' interests and motivations for travelling in the 21st century. This study analysed 95 advertisements published in 2020 in the newspaper El Pais, the most widely read generalist print media in Spain, on the day of the week coinciding with the publication of the specialised supplement "El viajero" (The Traveller). A quantitative and qualitative content analysis has been carried out in order to respond to the main objective of identifying the main advertisers and the usual sales proposition in this type of advertisement, also explaining the narrative strategies used in tourism campaigns. The main conclusions are the importance of wellbeing in the campaigns carried out and the important presence of public bodies in the promotion of destinations, especially Spanish destinations, highlighting historical, cultural and environmental heritage, which take on the same importance as the offer of beaches or cruises. This is an advertisement aimed especially at young people who travel as a couple, reflecting social concerns and trends in an irregular year for tourism promotion due to the covid-19 pandemic. This time period was an exceptional context, with consequences on citizen attitudes towards travel, which undoubtedly limits the application of these conclusions to that specific time context.

Effects of the Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic on Assault-Related Head Injury in Melbourne: A Retrospective Study.

Assault is the leading preventable cause of death, traumatic brain injury (TBI), and associated mental health problems. The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on patterns of interpersonal violence across the world. In this retrospective cross-sectional study, we analysed medical records of 1232 assault victims (domestic violence: 111, random assault: 900, prison assault: 221) with head injuries who presented to the emergency department (ED) at St Vincent's Hospital in Melbourne, Australia, a city with one of the longest and most severe COVID-19 restrictions worldwide. We examined changes in prevalence in the assault group overall and in domestic violence, random assault, and prison assault victims, comparing data from 19.5 months before and after the first day of COVID-19 restrictions in Melbourne. Moreover, we investigated differences driven by demographic factors (Who: age group, sex, and nationality) and clinical variables (Where: assault location, and When: time of arrival to the ED and time from moment of injury until presentation at ED). Descriptive statistics and chi-square analyses were performed. We found the COVID-19 pandemic significantly affected the Where of assault-related TBI, with a shift in the location of assaults from the street to the home, and the increase at home being driven by random assaults on middle-aged adults. Overall, we observed that 86% of the random assault cases were males, whereas 74% of the domestic assault cases were females. Meanwhile, nearly half (44%) of the random assault victims reported alcohol consumption versus a fifth (20%) of domestic violence victims. These findings will have direct implications for developing screening tools and better preventive and ameliorative interventions to manage the sequelae of assault TBI, particularly in the context of future large-scale health crises or emergencies.

Communicating in times of pandemic: use of social networks and the role of communication units in five Andalusian hospitals

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic has forced healthcare organizations to readjust their communication strategies to respond to the huge demand for information from professionals, citizens and media. Objectives: To analyze the use that Andalusian hospitals have made of social networks as the main communication channels, as well as the role of the communication units of these hospitals in the management of the pandemic. Methodology: The subject matter and interaction rate of more than 1,500 publications on Facebook and Twitter of five Andalusian hospitals were analyzed, and seven semi-structured interviews were conducted with communication unit referents. Results: All the hospitals analyzed had communication departments staffed by professionals specialized in health communication who have played an active role in the decision-making committees during the pandemic. Facebook and Twitter have been the main dissemination channels. The thematic lines that concentrated most of the publications were: << Acknowledgement and expressions of support >>, << Protocols and measures for adaptation to the pandemic >> and << Prevention and promotion >>. Conclusion: The results show the usefulness of social networks as channels of direct communication between hospitals and society in healthcare crises, the importance of communication as a healthcare management tool, as well as lessons learned to be applied in future healthcare crises.

CINEMATOGRAPHIC COLORIMETRY APPLIED TO NEW TELEVISION JOURNALISTIC FORMATS: THE CASE OF THE SPANISH PROGRAM LO DE ÉVOLE

With the irruption of multi-screens that the Netflix era has brought about, a good part of the old visual formulas, especially television and reporter ones, have become outdated. This is especially observable in television formats strongly linked to reporter journalism, such as Spaniards around the world, Street travelers and others. In recent years, a trend of adaptation of cinematographic codes to television products has already been perceived, but the Covid-19 pandemic and the ban on theatrical exhibition in cinemas around the world has precipitated a change in the model of consumption. This article presents an investigation on a nuclear element: the cinematographic colorimetry used in journalistic television programs, specifically, one of the most watched journalistic programs on Spanish television: Lo de Évole. © 2022 BY-NC.

Workids: Kids Homework Planner to Enhance Learning and Motivation in a Meaningful Way

School activities had to be moved to a virtual environment in order to keep the population safe from Covid-19. However, even though educational platforms proved to be rather useful during this episode by allowing classes to continue;one must not overlook the fact that these platforms were hardly adapted for the most elementary levels. Moreover, when children enter school, they need a lot of support from both parents and teachers. Then again, they also need to eventually develop autonomy and ownership on their school assignments. During lockdown, the by-product of homework became more complicated due to the need to upload exercises done on paper to an online space. Therefore, following a human-centered approach, this project pursues the goal of helping school-age children achieve more independence when doing homework incorporating digital tools. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.

The Role of ICTs in the Management of Citizen Initiatives led by Women from Vulnerable Communities of Bañado Sur de Asunción During COVID-19

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and describe the use and role of ICTs during the pandemic generated by COVID-19, in vulnerable communities led by women from Bañado Sur in Asuncion, Paraguay. We focus mainly on the citizen initiative called "ollas populares", which emerged as a response to the lack of food security that was exacerbated by the pandemic in vulnerable territories. Based on two case studies, we explore how ICTs helped (or not) in the resolution of the food security problem through community collective action, led by women, identifying criteria for the use and design of ICTs for collective action in crisis contexts. The theoretical framework of social capital, understood as the set of interpersonal and trust networks that are built around individuals and groups in society, and that influence collective action and community resilience, serves as a framework for analyzing and discussing the case studies. In the two cases studied, we observe how the use of ICTs allowed the expansion of the support networks of the women who led the collective action of the soup kitchens in these communities. This article discusses these results and the main lessons learned from the case studies we analyzed. © 2022 Copyright for this paper by its authors.

Recurrent pericarditis after Covid-19

Patient with rheumatoid arthritis who has Covid-19 with recurrent pericaditis debut, differential diagnosis. (c) 2021 Elsevier Espana, S.L.U. and Sociedad Espanola de Reumatologia y Colegio Mexicano de Reumatologia. All rights reserved.

Impact of the Covid-19 Pandemic in the Diagnosis and Therapy of Single Hepatocellular Carcinoma Less Than 3 Cm in a Western Country

Introduction: The aim of a cancer screening program is to reduce cancerrelated mortality. For that reason patients with liver cirrhosis are enrolled into surveillance through biannual ultrasonography plus AFP to detect single hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC) less than 3 cm, best candidates to apply therapies with curative intent. This study evaluates the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic in the time between detection, diagnosis, and treatment in patients with uninodular HCC < = 3 cm. The secondary objective is to assess the number and sequence of tests needed to achieve the final diagnosis. Aims & Methods: Retrospective inclusion of consecutive patients with final diagnosis of single HCC <= 3 cmat ourcentre. Baseline clinical and analytical variables, date of detection, diagnosis, treatment / entry on the transplant waiting list and the sequence of tests performed (CT, MRI, biopsy) were recorded. Time to diagnosis (period from detection to diagnosis), time to treatment (from diagnosis to date of treatment/entry on the waiting list) and overall time (the sum of the above) were defined. The results were analyzed globally and divided into two periods: pre-COVID (Jan-15 to Feb-2020) and COVID (Mar-20 to the present). Result(s): From Jan 27th2015 to Dec 27th2021, 128 patients of 685 had a final diagnosis of single HCC <= 3 cm, 18% in the pre-COVID era and 22% in the COVID era. Baseline characteristics: median age 64 years old, 84% males, aetiology: alcohol 46%, hepatitis C 39%, fatty liver disease 5%. Child-Pugh class A 86%, BCLC-0 29%, BCLC-A 71%. Median size 20.5 mm, median AFP 5 ng/mL. Only 74% were diagnosed within the screening program. Thermal ablation was applied in 58 patients, liver transplantation in 29, surgical resection in 21 and intraarterial therapy in 16. Twelve patients were left in natural history. Diagnosis was reached by non-invasive criteria (imaging) in 112 patients and by biopsy in 16.The tests performed are shown in the TABLE 1. No statistically significant differences were found in the diagnostic capacity between multiphasic CT (67.6%) and dynamic MRI (73.3%), p-value 0.113. There were no differences in the diagnostic method (imaging versus biopsy) according to the size of the nodule (21.43 mm vs. 21.13 mm), p-value 0.199;nor in the number of studies performed according to the sequence (CT-MR-Biopsy vs MR-CT-Biopsy vs others), p-value 0.746. There were no significant differences neither in the proportion of tumors diagnosed between 10-20 mm and 21-30 mm on the pre-COVID vs COVID era, p-value 0.80, nor in the therapy applied (surgical versus loco-regional, p-value 0.639). Time to diagnosis, time to treatment, and overall time are shown in TABLE 2. Significant differences were found in the time to treatment between the pre-COVID and COVID eras:8 weeks vs 11 weeks, p-value 0.038. Conclusion(s): The COVID pandemic did not affected the proportion of single HCC <=3 cm diagnosed, but it increased the median time from diagnosis to treatment.

SOCIAL NETWORKS AND INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS IN THE TOURISM SECTOR

Tourism is a social and scientific phenomenon. From here, its knowledge must be approached from a complete vision and not limited to a single discipline or set of them separately, since it is multidisciplinary. The role of international relations in tourism is a phenomenon with great economic, social, cultural, and environmental consequences, which can condition the behavior of tourists and the tourism sector as a whole. The pandemic caused by COVID-19 has affected the entire world population, the main economic engines of each and every one of the countries and international relations derived from the tourism sector. The coronavirus has not only affected the people who are under its effects, but it has also changed the global perception of reality just as the media have been forced to create a new way of communicating. Meanwhile, social networks have been the fastest and easiest way to disseminate all kinds of information and misinformation, adopting new formats and new anti-hoax measures (fake news). They have been effective and it is identified that thanks to the different platforms, citizens have found themselves somewhat more sheltered, understood and have received information about what is happening around their lives. Due to the closure of borders and the decrease in flights, worldwide tourism suffers serious consequences and for all this, the incidence of the coronavirus in the economy and international relations are protagonists of a difficult reality and a prompt and expected recovery. © 2021, Observare. All rights reserved.

IMMERSION IN THE DIGITALIZATION OF SOCIAL NETWORKS IN TOURISM AND HERITAGE: A PARADIGM SHIFT

With this research, we intended to analyse the different social networks involved in tourism evolution and heritage enhancement, particularly in the last two decades before the covid-19 pandemic broke into our lives. A qualitative longitudinal bibliographical study of the defined topics and a crossing of the results obtained was carried out. We conclude the analysis with a quantitative assessment of the evolution of the number of tourists and the income from travel and tourism in specialized magazines. The results, based on bibliographical analysis, led to an increase in the number of tourists and the evolution of income from travel and tourism, although with a slight non-significant drop in 2018. However, we cannot confirm a reality different from what we expected. The significantly rising curve at the pivotal point in the study (2020) reverses with no expected recovery date due to national and international restrictions on tourism. © 2023, Universidad del Rosario. All rights reserved.

Social networks as a vehicle for happiness management in university governance

Purpose This study aims to determine whether the communication of Universities in Madrid (Spain) on social networks through their official channels has caused positive results in students' perceptions of their trust in university institutions during the first semester of the 2020-2021 term and to measure whether the implementation of happiness management strategies in the communication within university governance affected students' happiness levels, as well as on the recognition of their belonging to the university. Design/methodology/approach With an exploratory-correlational approach and a quantitative study, this study conducted a statistical-descriptive analysis based on the premise of a general linear regression model with correlations between the variables, using a data collection instrument, whose construct and content validity was previously assessed by experts, which was answered by 564 students of the Degrees in Communication and Marketing from the Complutense University of Madrid, University of La Laguna, and ESERP Business and Law School. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and Bartlett's test of sphericity were implemented to analyze the correlation between variables;Cronbach's alpha coefficient and Pearson and Spearman's coefficients were also used. Findings Those students who used social networks to receive news from university institutions about the COVID-19 pandemic deem these channels official, sound and credible. Similarly, the use of official information from university institutions on social networks increases students' happiness levels. Originality/value To the best of the authors' knowledge, this is one of the first studies aiming to provide scientific evidence of the relationship between happiness management and university governance. This research's practical implications lead to attributing added value to these types of means for the university governance that seeks students' happiness.

Spanish Tipsters and the Millennial and Centennial Generations in the Scenario of a Pandemic

The growth and popularization of sports betting have led to the emergence of a new type of influencer: Tipsters, people and betting houses who influence and advise through social networks on the bets they consider most profitable. Both agents are also content‐generating, forming a particular ecosystem with a specific narrative. The research examines the narratives of both the personal and betting houses profiles that make up the category of tipsters and their impact on younger generations. It also takes an in‐depth look at the content and languages used by tipsters on social media and what determines their success in terms of followers and interactions. The period and place analyzed is the year 2020 in Spain, because it allows observing the differences between the periods of free transit and the quarantine period caused by Covid‐19. The selection of the studied profiles is based on the five most recommended profiles, according to 10 rankings in the sports betting sector. The results show how the tipsters’ narrative was adapted to the context of the pandemic to maintain interest during the quarantine and not lose its influence towards millennials and centennials. Especially relevant is the period after the quarantine, with long periods of stay at home by young people, where the narrative has iconic, symbolic, and linguistic elements typical of war periods. © 2022 by the author(s);licensee Cogitatio (Lisbon, Portugal).

NEW EDUCATIVE SCENARIOS AFTER COVID-19 IN HIGHER EDUCATION

This article reflects on the new scenarios that have arisen in Higher Education, based on the needs raised by COVID-19 and depending on the context where they have been implemented. Specifically, we will address the educational practices that are oriented towards the use of information and communication technologies (ICT), in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic from a critical perspective, to make visible the tensions and educational logics that are being transformed, its achievements and limits.

QUICK REVIEW OF CURRENT COVID-19 TREATMENT IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS

The COVID-19 pandemic has overturned every global health effort to identify treatments that change the evolution and outcome of the disease. A bibliographic search was carried out through the PubMed database and the Cochrane Database-Library using keywords, obtaining as a result 3278 articles, once filtered according to the type of study considered for this article, 328 articles were identified, which were collated and evaluated, it was finally decided to include 39 articles in the research. The treatment of coronavirus 19 has encompassed pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatment strategies in order to mitigate the infection, its complications and improve survival. Within the pharmacological treatments to date, there is still no specific treatment with sufficient effectiveness and safety, most of them are based on uncontrolled clinical trials, experiences in other types of coronavirus and in vitro studies. Perhaps the only strategy that has shown benefit is oxygen support.

The tourist ecosystem through social networks

The covid-19 pandemic generated serious economic repercussions in the tourism sector, for which it had to accentuate the use of social networks in its communication. The study focuses on the analysis of the three destinations selected as the safest to travel during the summer of 2020, according to the eleventh edition of the European Best Destinations competition (2020). Special emphasis has been placed on the idea of a "safe destination" and how tourists themselves-as micro-influencers-have joined in making the messages go viral through their comments, reactions, and publications. The main conclusion obtained is that thanks to this visibility strategy, countries have contributed to creating the image of a safe ecosystem, achieving notoriety, and strengthening the country-image, achieving an impact on a global level. © Global Knowledge Academics, authors. All rights reserved.

Social networks as a vehicle for happiness management in university governance

Purpose: This study aims to determine whether the communication of Universities in Madrid (Spain) on social networks through their official channels has caused positive results in students’ perceptions of their trust in university institutions during the first semester of the 2020–2021 term and to measure whether the implementation of happiness management strategies in the communication within university governance affected students’ happiness levels, as well as on the recognition of their belonging to the university. Design/methodology/approach: With an exploratory-correlational approach and a quantitative study, this study conducted a statistical-descriptive analysis based on the premise of a general linear regression model with correlations between the variables, using a data collection instrument, whose construct and content validity was previously assessed by experts, which was answered by 564 students of the Degrees in Communication and Marketing from the Complutense University of Madrid, University of La Laguna, and ESERP Business and Law School. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin test and Bartlett’s test of sphericity were implemented to analyze the correlation between variables;Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and Pearson and Spearman’s coefficients were also used. Findings: Those students who used social networks to receive news from university institutions about the COVID-19 pandemic deem these channels official, sound and credible. Similarly, the use of official information from university institutions on social networks increases students’ happiness levels. Originality/value: To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is one of the first studies aiming to provide scientific evidence of the relationship between happiness management and university governance. This research’s practical implications lead to attributing added value to these types of means for the university governance that seeks students’ happiness. © 2021, Emerald Publishing Limited.

Vitamin D supplementation and COVID-19 risk: a population-based, cohort study.

PURPOSE: To analyze the associations between cholecalciferol or calcifediol supplementation, serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) levels and COVID-19 outcomes in a large population. METHODS: All individuals ≥ 18 years old living in Barcelona-Central Catalonia (n = 4.6 million) supplemented with cholecalciferol or calcifediol from April 2019 to February 2020 were compared with propensity score-matched untreated controls. Outcome variables were SARS-CoV2 infection, severe COVID-19 and COVID-19 mortality occuring during the first wave of the pandemic. Demographical data, comorbidities, serum 25OHD levels and concomitant pharmacological treatments were collected as covariates. Associations between cholecalciferol or calcifediol use and outcome variables were analyzed using multivariate Cox proportional regression. RESULTS: Cholecalciferol supplementation (n = 108,343) was associated with slight protection from SARS-CoV2 infection (n = 4352 [4.0%] vs 9142/216,686 [4.2%] in controls; HR 0.95 [CI 95% 0.91-0.98], p = 0.004). Patients on cholecalciferol treatment achieving 25OHD levels ≥ 30 ng/ml had lower risk of SARS-CoV2 infection, lower risk of severe COVID-19 and lower COVID-19 mortality than unsupplemented 25OHD-deficient patients (56/9474 [0.6%] vs 96/7616 [1.3%]; HR 0.66 [CI 95% 0.46-0.93], p = 0.018). Calcifediol use (n = 134,703) was not associated with reduced risk of SARS-CoV2 infection or mortality in the whole cohort. However, patients on calcifediol treatment achieving serum 25OHD levels ≥ 30 ng/ml also had lower risk of SARS-CoV2 infection, lower risk of severe COVID-19, and lower COVID-19 mortality compared to 25OHD-deficient patients not receiving vitamin D supplements (88/16276 [0.5%] vs 96/7616 [1.3%]; HR 0.56 [CI 95% 0.42-0.76], p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: In this large, population-based study, we observed that patients supplemented with cholecalciferol or calcifediol achieving serum 25OHD levels ≥ 30 ng/ml were associated with better COVID-19 outcomes.

The use of social media and its relation to the tourist's purchase decision

Following the international depression caused by the covid-19 pandemic, the tourism sector needs to recover in a context of lack of capital for investment. In this sense, fast and economical contact with the customer through digital means is going to become, if possible, more important, referring to the ease of access, search and selection of offers and simplification of financial procedures. Traveler behavior has changed substantially as a result of the digitalization of society, which has exponentially improved the use of ICT in the last months of 2020. Thus, the need to research and go to studies that allow us to understand the new ecosystem increases in which companies and buyers are related. This work consists of a bibliographic review aimed at tracking and recovering information relevant to the application of social networks in promoting the tourism industry due to its effects on the company-client relationship. For this case, various sources have been consulted in related and cross-cutting subjects: monographs, articles, and scientific journals of recent publication in Spanish and English and with open access to the full text (including older material only if it contains a base relevant theory). Exclusion criteria included articles lacking scientific rigor, opinion, or user content with no basis on experience. The search strategy used descriptors of tourism, communication and ICT relevant to the object of study.

Fake News: The COVID-19 pandemic and its chronology in the tourism sector

The social alarm generated by fake news spread exponentially through Twitter, Facebook or Instagram (where you can comment without contrasting) and social networks such as Whatsapp, facilitate and on many occasions make planning and tasks of public institutions difficult for manage the problem. The media and social networks have echoed from the first moment of the pandemic caused by the coronavirus since the end of 2019, causing a multitude of information globally. We are facing a double pandemic: the one generated by the coronavirus itself (COVID-19) and by the so-called fake news-lobes and uncontrolled information that ultimately leads to disturbance, uncertainty, uncontrolled alarmism and collective fear.

Communication on twitter: Coronatec during the initial phase of confinement in Spain

The state of alarm declared in Spain on March 14th 2020 as a result of the infections and deaths caused by the coronavirus and the COVID-19, triggered the creation of the Technical Management Committee for Coronavirus (Coronatec), which being headed by the Government president, Pedro Sánchez, led the initiative through both traditional and social media. The first month of this exceptional situation would help measure the reaction and adaptability capacity of all these entities to social media, and in fact, the communication impacts on Twitter increased and worked as a reference channel to disseminate messages. Additionally, obtaining information from official sources through social media is more important now due to the presence of hoaxes, and the analysis of these nine organizations is even more relevant. This analysis is going to be centered on essential aspects of the analysis of these social media: followers, publications and engagement. The results will demonstrate the influence capacity of The Enforcement and Security Corps of the State in Spain against other figures such as the Government Presidency or the Ministries. © 2021 Fundacion para la Investigacion Social Avanzada. All rights reserved.